EEH 521 Global Health

Question Briefly, discuss what do Kleinman and Kleinman mean when they write of cultural appropriations of suffering in our times? what additional cultural appropriations of suffering are prevalent in today in the field global health? And what are the messages, social effects, and outcomes of the appropriations you describe? Answer Arthur and Joan Kleinman (300) are two famous sociologists who have studied cultural suffering using several aspects of the contemporary living in the society such as natural calamities and other anti social behaviors such as crime and domestic abuse. The two see culture as having enslaved people in terms of social institutions and norms generally accepted to bring about social order. They describe man as being guided by culture not seeking to express personal abilities but seeking to belong to which he does by submitting to the popular will of the society. This paper explores cultural appropriations of suffering in the field of global health and their outcomes. Cultural suffering is manifested in the competitive nature of human beings, the strife for achievement in ideology, political ambition chronic illnesses and forced migration which affects individuals at the global level. The fact that the publicizing of this suffering is morally acceptable clearly has several faults. Publicizing of suffering on the media influences the emotions of the human audience and elevates the suffering. According to Kleinman,(301) suffering should only be publicized if human beings avoid naturalizing, and making it both essential and sentimental. Certain cultural appropriations of suffering that are so common in today’s global health field such that images of patients of various illnesses circulate in the social media and the free press. Victims have also been used as to provoke emotion in such activities as fund raisings, the victims help to raise certain humanitarian levels of emotional concern among different people. Many organizations that make their aims as helping victims often mediate between victims and the population exposes reports of victims and changes marking their progress (Wilkinson and Kleinman, 87). Public display of suffering bodies with no apparent reason has been on the increase. Ethical concern and debates circulate on the ground that the images and other sensitive electronic data should only be exposed in a bid to deliver special message to a certain audience. Weinstein, (43) the cultural appropriations of suffering impacts have several impacts in the society. These appropriations have both social political and health outcomes. Some of the social outcomes are that the suffering is able to touch the heart of individuals and compel the people to act in several ways. It is also likely to produce stereotypes and social loafing among people of distinct societies. Politically, these appropriations are a major source of influence. Lastly the appropriations may affect the health of individuals psychologically and affect their well being. In conclusion, it is relevant to condemn the cultural appropriations that cause human suffering. This is uncalled for and a very unnecessary concern. It is thus important that every individual of the society take part in minimizing suffering in their respective grounds. Reference Kleinman, A., and J. Kleinman. “Cultural appropriations of suffering.” Cultures of fear: A critical reader (2009): 288-303. Weinstein, Harvey M. “Victims, transitional justice and social reconstruction.” Justice for victims: Perspectives on rights, transition and reconciliation (2014): 161. Wilkinson, Iain, and Arthur Kleinman. A passion for society: how we think about human suffering. Vol. 35. Univ of California Press, 2016.

EEH 521 Global Health

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EEH 521 Global Health

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