HM411 Healthcare Management

Questions: 1.On which aspects do liberalism and socialism differ? 2.Consider the different processes through which laws are passed in Canada and the U.S. Why is it more difficult to pass laws in general, and laws concerning health care in particular in the U.S. than in Canada? 3.In countries with a publicly insured universal health care system, what inequalities result from allowing a parallel private system? 4.Why is public financing considered the optimal form of health care financing? 5.What challenges are faced Medicare, Medicaid, and managed care? Answers: 1.Liberal involves the incorporation of liberal principles which is bounded by individual actions. Liberal minded individuals or state take pride of individual self while not minding others while on the other hand socialism lean on the side of being in unison and acting in a collective bid. Aspects which they differ include freedom, equality and accountability. Liberal ideologies lean on free market which emphasizes on personal freedom, limited intrusion of government action on individual affairs, equality for all and the consent of the governed on matters such as elections. On the hand socialist ideologies are motivated by dislikes of the free market. Aspect which characterises on these views includes assets owned by the community, aspirations of equality and political gradualism which enhances political accountability from the state or rulers. 2.Enactment of laws is part of the wider approach by government and state parties in ensuring that regulation is ensured. In US, laws are through the simple majority vote. When a bill is introduced in parliament, it gets the approval of simple majority from houses, senate and House of Representatives and also the support of the president in order to be law. In Canada laws are passed bills come as proposed laws which are introduced in either of the houses Commons or the Senate, then it goes through he first reading till the third reading. It goes further to the second house and if passed it goes second house where it is debated if successful goes for Royal Assent and becomes a law. In US bills undergo major tests due to the liberal state of the society it is in. As much there is much democracy, bills have to get the simple majority from the members, however despite the democrats being the majority it does not guarantee support to legislations being done, thus proving hard process. 3.Inequalities exist when the private insurance company chooses those with pre-existing disease so as to charge high premiums, which guarantees them high money charged thus excluding those who can’t afford the premium package, hence limiting access to care for them. 4.Public financing is considered the optimal way of ensuring that health care insurances covers a huge mass of people and it is more cost effective in ensuring that health is cheap and accessible. This done through spreading the risk in the population of illness and thus boost the insurance coverage, harnessing more finances. 5.Challenges often encountered include in Medicare, it is faced with the rising cost of health care and proportion of retired population. Medicaid on the other hand is faced with factors concerned with controlling costs, getting access to expand eligibility, oversight of managed and access to doctors and dentist. In managed care they are faced with issues to increase cost of insurance due to its utilization review.

HM411 Healthcare Management

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